David M. Freidenreich, “Food and Table Fellowship,” in The Jewish Annotated New Testament, second edition, edited by Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Zvi Brettler (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 652:
New Testament authors differ regarding when Jesus’ Last Supper occurred. Paul, who provides the oldest reference to this meal, does not address this issue. The Gospel of John depicts Jesus himself as the sacrificial lamb, crucified at the time the Passover lambs were slaughtered (Jn 19.14; cf. 19.36). According to John, therefore, the Lord’s Supper occurred before Passover began. Matthew, Mark, and Luke, in contrast, associate the Lord’s Supper with the Passover meal in which Jews gathered to consume the paschal sacrifice. It is anachronistic to call that meal a seder, that is, the Passover meal consisting of special foods and readings: the practices distinctive to the seder developed after the destruction of the Temple, when the paschal sacrifice was no longer offered. The seder and the meals of Jesus and his followers do, however, all contain elements common to Greco-Roman banquets, including the practices of reclining while eating (e.g., Mk 2.15), reciting prayers and hymns, and sharing copious wine.
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